This thesis investigates the optical and anatomical mechanisms underlying negative dysphotopsia after intraocular lens implantation. It combines patient-specific ray-tracing simulations, MRI-based anatomical modeling, and clinical visual field testing to characterize peripheral retinal illumination patterns. The results show that discontinuities in peripheral illumination, modulated by anterior segment geometry and lens edge design, are central to symptom generation. The work provides mechanistic insight and translational design principles to improve counseling, prediction, and prevention of negative dysphotopsia.